15 Most Frequently Asked Deep Learning Interview Questions

INTRODUCTION to Ml interview questions

Deep Learning is amongst the fastest-growing fields in the world of information technology. It is a set of techniques that allows machines to predict outputs from a layered collection of data. Businesses adopt Deep Learning worldwide, and anyone with Data Science skills will find a myriad of job opportunities in this field. Here are some of the most popular Deep Learning interview questions that can help you crack your next interview and bag the desired job role.

  1. What is Deep Learning?
  2.  What is a Neural Network?
  3. What are the principal differences between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning?
  4. Distinguish between supervised and unsupervised Deep Learning procedures
  5. Do you think that a deep network is better than a shallow one?
  6. What do you understand by ‘overfitting’?
  7. What is Backpropagation?
  8. What is the function of the Fourier Transform in Deep Learning?
  9. Describe the theory of the autonomous form of Deep Learning
  10. What is the application of Deep Learning in today’s age, and how does it help Data Scientists?
  11. What are the uses of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)?
  12. What makes Tensorflow the most favoured library in Deep Learning?
  13. Explain the meaning of term weight initialization in Neural Networks
  14. What makes zero initialization not a good weight initialization process?
  15. Explain the significance of LSTM

1. What is Deep Learning?

Deep Learning is an advanced form of Machine Learning with an algorithm inspired by the brain’s structure and function, called an Artificial Neural Network. Alexey Grigorevich Ivakhnenko published the first general in the mid-1960s while working on a Deep Learning network. Deep Learning includes the acquisition of large volumes of structured or unstructured data and complex algorithms to train Neural Networks. 

2. What is a Neural Network?

Neural Networks imitate the way humans learn, inspired by how neurons in our brains work, but much more straightforward. Each sheet comprises neurons called ‘nodes,’ conducting a variety of operations. Neural Networks get used for Deep Learning algorithms such as CNN, RNN, GAN, etc.

The most typical Neural Networks consist of three layers of the network –

a) An input layer 

b) A hidden layer (this is the most vital layer where feature extraction takes place) 

c) An output layer

3. What are the principal differences between AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning?

AI refers to ‘Artificial Intelligence.’ It’s a technique that allows computers to imitate human interactions and intelligence.

Machine Learning is a subset of AI that uses statistical techniques to allow machines to enhance their performance. 

Deep Learning is part of Machine Learning, which uses Neural Networks to replicate human-like decision-making.

4. Distinguish between supervised and unsupervised Deep Learning procedures.

Supervised Learning is a method in which both input and output data are given. The input and output data are named as a learning basis for future data processing. 

The unsupervised procedure does not require specific labeling details, and operations can perform without the same. Cluster Analysis is a traditional Unsupervised Learning process. It gets used for exploratory Data Analysis to identify hidden patterns or Data Clustering.

5. Do you think that a deep network is better than a shallow one?

Both shallow and deep networks are good enough to approximate any feature. But deeper networks can be much more effective in computing a number of parameters at the same degree of accuracy. Deeper networks can develop deep representations. The network learns a new, more abstract representation of the input at each layer.

6. What do you understand by ‘overfitting’?

Overfitting is the most prevalent problem in Deep Learning. It typically happens when a Deep Learning algorithm perceives the noise of any specific data set. 

7. What is Backpropagation?

Backpropagation is a training algorithm that gets used for multi-layered Neural Networks. Backpropagation can be described as the following:

  • It can forward the distribution of training data over the network to generate output. 
  • It uses the target value and output value to calculate the derivative error in the output activations. 
  • It can be repropagated to measure the error derivative for output activations in the previous layer and to proceed for all hidden layers. 
  • It uses the previously measured output derivatives and all hidden layers to calculate the weight-related error derivative.

8. What is the function of the Fourier Transform in Deep Learning?

Fourier transform package is highly effective for the analysis, maintenance, and management of broad databases. The program gets developed with a high-quality feature known as a special portrayal. It can be used effectively to produce real-time array data, which is extremely useful for processing all categories of signals.

9. Describe the theory of the autonomous form of Deep Learning.

An autonomous pattern represents an individual or non-specific mathematical foundation exempt from any specific categorizer or formula.

10. What is the application of Deep Learning in today’s age, and how does it help Data Scientists?

Deep Learning has brought significant improvements and transformations to the world of Machine Learning and Data Science. The definition of a Complex Neural Network (CNN) is the main subject of concern for data scientists. It is commonly used because of its advantages in conducting next-level Machine Learning operations. The benefits of Deep Learning also include the process of clarifying and simplifying algorithm-based issues due to its extraordinarily scalable and adaptable nature. It is one of the rare techniques that allow the movement of data in separate pathways. 

11. What are the uses of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)?

The RNN gets used for sentiment analysis, text mining, and imaging. Recurrent Neural Networks may also fix time-series issues such as forecasting stock prices in a month or a quarter.

12. What makes Tensorflow the most favored library in Deep Learning?

Tensorflow offers both C++ and Python APIs, making it easier to operate faster than other Deep Learning libraries, like Keras and Torch. Tensorflow supports CPU and GPU computing devices.

13. Explain the meaning of term weight initialization in Neural Networks.

In Neural Networking, the initialization of weight is one of the main factors. Poor initialization of weight restricts a network from learning. On the other hand, a successful initialization of weight helps achieve faster convergence. Biases can all be initialized to zero. The basic rule for setting weights is that it must be close to zero without being too low.

14. What makes zero initialization not a good weight initialization process?

If the set of weights in the network is set to zero, all neurons on each layer will generate the same output and gradients during backpropagation. As a result, the network cannot learn because there is no source of asymmetry between neurons. That’s why we need to add randomness to the method of weight initialization.

15. Explain the significance of LSTM.

LSTM refers to Long Short-Term Memory. This Artificial RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) architecture gets used in the area of Deep Learning. LSTM has input connections that make it a ‘general-purpose computer.’ It can handle not only a single data point but also entire data sequences. They are a particular form of RNN, capable of learning long-term dependencies.
So, we’ve covered 15 of the most frequently asked Deep Learning interview questions that will help you get the dream job.

Conclusion

These Deep Learning interview questions and answers are suitable for both fresh and experienced professionals at all levels. If you wish to enhance your knowledge of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning, our Postgraduate Certificate Program In Artificial Intelligence & Deep Learning is here to help you. This 6-month online instructor-led Postgraduate Certificate program is the only one that provides extensive hands-on practice on real-world case studies and capstone projects.

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